Test shoots are generally the first necessary step in a models career. Without professional photos, it’s impossible to work as a model, as they are crucial for presenting oneself to clients. Test shoots often cost money, which covers the Photographer’s equipment and the Make-Up Artist’s time and effort—these are known as low-cost tests. However, this investment is often recouped with the first job. The cost of a test shoot typically ranges from €400 to €600, but should not exceed this amount. Free tests, also known as free productions, also exist. In these cases, the photographer, makeup artist, and stylist organize a shoot at their own expense, which is ultimately sold to magazines. All parties involved in such productions work for free. See also TFP (Time for Prints). Every model should participate in at least three to four different tests to gain valuable experience in front of the camera and build a diverse portfolio of photos.